New Bahasa Indonesia Community Guide to Forest Stewardship Council’s Remedy Framework

English
Read the report here in English
Indonesia is the world's largest producer of palm oil, and oil palm plantations cover upwards of 16 million hectares1 of land across the country. Of this, about 8-10 million hectares is planted by private oil palm estates. Much of this land overlaps indigenous peoples' territories, and there are widespread lands rights violations in the oil palm industry. Since the 1980s, the government of Indonesia has introduced "plasma" (smallholder) schemes which require the allocation of parts of their oil palm concessions to the communities whose lands they were taking over. The provision of plasma has been a legal obligation in Indonesia since 2007; however, a recent audit found that only one-fifth of plantation companies in Indonesia had in fact complied with their plasma obligation. For many indigenous peoples and local communities in Indonesia, plasma is one of the few viable livelihood options in landscapes converted into monoculture oil palm plantations2, but not only has misrepresentation of plasma schemes by companies been used to coerce communities and families into giving up their lands to the oil palm company, it has also led to situations of debt bondage3
This practical guide, "Understanding the policies and problems of the oil palm plantation plasma scheme: 1986-2022", explains the different plasma schemes in Indonesia and the laws and regulations governing them. The guide aims to help indigenous peoples and local communities in Indonesia understand the legal obligations oil palm companies have and to be able to assert their rights in this context.
1 Some estimates suggest a higher acreage of land planted with oil palm than the Ministry of Agriculture's official data
2 An investigation published in 2022 by The Gecko Project, BBC News and Mongabay estimated that communities were losing out hundreds of millions of dollars each year as a result of companies not implementing their plasma obligations.
3 For an earlier examination of the challenges facing smallholders, refer to FPP/Sawitwatch, 2006, ‘Ghosts on Our Own Land’
Bahasa
Indonesia adalah produsen minyak sawit terbesar di dunia, dan luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di seluruh negeri mencapai lebih dari 16 juta hektar1. Dari jumlah tersebut, sekitar 8-10 juta hektar ditanami oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit swasta. Sebagian besar lahan tersebut tumpang tindih dengan wilayah masyarakat adat, dan banyak pelanggaran hak atas tanah terjadi di industri kelapa sawit. Sejak tahun 1980-an, pemerintah Indonesia telah memperkenalkan skema “plasma” (petani plasma) yang mewajibkan pengalokasian sebagian area konsesi kelapa sawit perusahaan kepada masyarakat yang lahannya mereka ambil alih. Penyediaan kebun plasma telah menjadi kewajiban hukum di Indonesia sejak tahun 2007; namun, audit baru-baru ini menemukan bahwa hanya seperlima perusahaan perkebunan di Indonesia yang benar-benar mematuhi kewajiban plasma mereka. Bagi banyak masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal di Indonesia, plasma adalah salah satu dari sedikit pilihan sumber penghidupan yang layak di bentang alam yang telah diubah menjadi perkebunan monokultur kelapa sawit2, namun tidak hanya penggambaran yang manipulatif oleh perusahaan tentang skema plasma digunakan untuk memaksa masyarakat dan keluarga agar menyerahkan tanah mereka kepada perusahaan kelapa sawit, plasma juga telah menimbulkan lilitan hutang 3.
Panduan praktis ini, “Memahami kebijakan dan permasalahan skema plasma perkebunan kelapa sawit: 1986-2022”, menjelaskan berbagai skema plasma di Indonesia serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya. Panduan ini bertujuan untuk membantu masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal di Indonesia agar memahami kewajiban hukum yang dimiliki perusahaan kelapa sawit dan dapat menegaskan hak-hak mereka dalam konteks ini.
1 Beberapa perkiraan menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan yang ditanami kelapa sawit lebih tinggi dibandingkan data resmi Kementerian Pertanian
2 Investigasi yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2022 oleh The Gecko Project, BBC News, dan Mongabay memperkirakan masyarakat dirugikan ratusan juta dolar setiap tahunnya akibat perusahaan tidak melaksanakan kewajiban plasma mereka.
3 Untuk kajian sebelumnya mengenai tantangan-tantangan yang dihadapi petani plasma, lihat FPP/Sawitwatch, 2006, 'Ghosts on Our Own Land' (Hantu di Tanah Kita Sendiri)
Overview
- Resource Type:
- Reports
- Publication date:
- 1 February 2024
- Region:
- Indonesia
- Programmes:
- Territorial Governance Supply Chains and Trade Global Finance Culture and Knowledge Conservation and Human Rights
- Partners:
- Yayasan Masyarakat Kehutanan Lestari (YMKL)